Alzheimer’s Disease/ Medcardia

Understanding Alzheimer’s Disease

A Comprehensive Guide to Symptoms, Stages, and Care

Alzheimer’s disease is more than occasional forgetfulness — it’s a profound condition that slowly steals memories, thinking skills, and independence. It is the leading cause of dementia worldwide, affecting millions of families across all cultures and backgrounds.

What is Alzheimer’s Disease?

Alzheimer’s disease is a chronic, progressive brain disorder that gradually destroys memory, learning ability, reasoning, and even the ability to carry out simple tasks. Although most common in people over 65, it is not considered a normal part of aging.

Historical Background

The condition was first identified by Dr. Alois Alzheimer in 1906, who discovered abnormal protein deposits — plaques and tangles — in the brain tissue of a patient with memory loss and behavioral changes.

How Alzheimer’s Affects the Brain

Amyloid Plaques

Sticky buildups of beta-amyloid protein accumulate between nerve cells, disrupting communication.

Neurofibrillary Tangles

Twisted tau protein fibers form inside neurons, blocking transport of essential nutrients.

As these abnormalities spread, brain cells die and areas of the brain shrink (brain atrophy), affecting memory, language, and bodily functions.

Signs and Symptoms

Stage	Symptoms
Early Stage	Forgetting recently learned information Repeating questions Difficulty finding words Mild coordination problems
Middle Stage	Noticeable memory decline Increased confusion Sleep disturbances Personality changes
Late Stage	Severe memory loss Loss of speech Difficulty swallowing Total dependence on caregivers

Risk Factors

Age > 65

Family History

APOE-e4 Gene

Heart Disease

Head Trauma

While some risk factors cannot be controlled, maintaining heart health and an active lifestyle may help reduce risk.

Diagnosis & Treatment

Diagnosis Methods

Medical history review
Cognitive assessments
Brain imaging (MRI, PET)
Blood tests

Treatment Options

Cholinesterase inhibitors
NMDA receptor antagonists
New amyloid-targeting drugs
Lifestyle interventions

While there is currently no cure for Alzheimer’s, early diagnosis and proper management can help maintain quality of life for longer.

Caregiving Strategies

Establish routines to provide structure
Simplify tasks into manageable steps
Use clear, calm communication
Create a safe home environment
Take care of yourself to avoid burnout

Frequently Asked Questions

Can young people get Alzheimer’s?

Early-onset Alzheimer’s can affect people in their 30s-50s, though this is rare (5-6% of cases).

How fast does it progress?

Average lifespan after diagnosis is 4-8 years, but can range up to 20 years with good care.

What’s the difference between Alzheimer’s and dementia?

Dementia is an umbrella term; Alzheimer’s is the most common type (60-80% of cases).

Join the Fight Against Alzheimer’s

Every action counts in supporting research, care, and awareness.

Alzheimer’s Association
Alzheimer’s Research UK

Alzheimer’s may take away memories, but it can never erase the love, dignity, and spirit of those affected. Through education, research, and compassionate care, we can work toward a future without Alzheimer’s.

For professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, always consult your doctor or a qualified healthcare provider.

Medcardia team